Sinister Wingless Visitors

June 29th, 2009

I was in the kitchen late one night when something caught my eye. An insect of some sort quickly scuttled across the floor and hid in the darkness under a cupboard. From the brief look I got, I suspected that it was an odd looking hemipteran.

What was it?

What was it?

As I moved closer I saw it was rather drab and it retreated further, looking a little sinister.

Closer still, I got a proper look at its body and saw that it had really reduced wings and some vicious mouthparts.

Suddenly I starting thinking of sheep keds, Melophagus ovinus, the wingless blood sucking flies that are parasites of sheep. I decided that I didn’t really want to poke it with my fingers, so got a container, my copy of Chinery and a camera.

After flicking through the Diptera I found the section on the Hippoboscidae, the so called flat-flies. Looks like this particular one was, Crataerina hirundinis, a parasite of  martins and swallows. Although not confirmed, it made sense, as I think we have house martins, Delichon urbica, in the loft.

Hippoboscidae: Craeterina hirundinis

Hippoboscidae: Craeterina hirundinis

The Hippoboscidae are unusual because many have reduced wings and the females give birth to fully grown larvae rather than lay eggs.

I found a few more in the kitchen (now removed) but am uncertain how they got there. Even though I think they wouldn’t bite me, I feel uneasy walking around with bare feet!

Insect Hunting in Essex: The Chafford Gorges

June 14th, 2009

After two visits to the Rainham Marshes this year, I wanted to explore other local sites in Essex. The Chafford Gorges (owned by the Essex Wildlife Trust) are local to me and seemed interesting because of their flora and history. They are located in the the Chafford Hundred area which is mostly a modern housing development, and is adjacent to one of our huge regional shopping centres, Lakeside. The three gorges are all that remain of a much larger wild area that I remember from my childhood.

A shot of one of the nearby chalk pits (mostly filled with Birch)

A shot of one of the nearby chalk pits (mostly filled with Birch)

When I visited with Tristan I went to Grays Gorge and Lion Gorge. At Grays Gorge I saw my first wild British orchid, the common spotted orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii.

Common Spotted-orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii

Common Spotted-orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii

We were fortunate to meet the site warden whilst we explored, and hopefully I will be able to acquire some old records for insects in the area.

Somewhat anecdotally, I recall seeing glow worms, Lampyris noctiluca, on the nearby cliffs when I was younger but do not recall seeing them after a road was built nearby, which would have coincided with increased light in the area from both new houses and street lights. Perhaps this can be seen from the local records…

Some photos from the gorge area:

A lucky shot

A lucky shot

The rather attractive Cercopis vulnerata

The rather attractive Cercopis vulnerata

Rainham Marshes

May 18th, 2009

Earlier in May I visited Rainham Marshes with Tristan and Malin. This was my second visit to the marshes after previously visiting in March. We were fortunate to have a lovely sunny day and saw plenty of insects.

Rainham Marshes is nature reserve managed by the RSPB. It is located to the east of London and is fairly easy to travel to on the train (the nearest station is Purfleet, about 10 minutes walk away).

Rainham Marshes

Rainham Marshes

We mainly were hunting for insects, although we did see some interesting vertebrates too:

Water Vole, Arvicola amphibius

Water Vole, Arvicola amphibius

Marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus

Marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus

It was my first time hearing the marsh frogs and I thought it was quite nice to hear them, although they were very loud!

The invertebrate highlights included seeing my first lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae), bishop’s mitre (Aelia acuminata), woundwort shieldbug (Eysarcorus venustissimus), a cream-spot ladybird and a pair of Larinioides cornutus having what looked like a violent mating ritual.

Deadly embrace - Larinioides cornutus

Deadly embrace - Larinioides cornutus

Cream-spot ladybird (Calvia 14-guttata)

Cream-spot ladybird, Calvia 14-guttata

Bishops mitre (Aelia acuminata)

Bishop's mitre, Aelia acuminata

Digital Microscopy

May 10th, 2009

I am still investigating the different ways to take microscopic images and have some images and a different system to show you. Previously I had been looking at microscopes which came with a USB attachment such as the Summit Microfix Digital Microscope. I first read about it in a Phasmid Study Group newsletter and the author, Tracy Dove, has kindly given me permission to use some of her images.

Eurycantha calcarata egg taken by Summit Microfix Digital Microscope © Tracy Dove

Eurycantha calcarata egg taken by Summit Microfix Digital Microscope © Tracy Dove

Peruphasma schulteii head taken by Summit Microfix Digital Microscope © Tracy Dove

Peruphasma schulteii head taken by Summit Microfix Digital Microscope © Tracy Dove

Peruphasma schulteii eye taken by Summit Microfix Digital Microscope © Tracy Dove

Peruphasma schulteii eye taken by Summit Microfix Digital Microscope © Tracy Dove

These images were taken by hand, without a stand and without depth stacking. I think they are pretty good for a device which costs less than £40! The microscope does not come with a stand which would allow you to take images suitable for depth stacking, but it would probably be easy to make one.

The other system I found was ScopeTronix’ MaxView Plus, which allows you to use a digital camera with a variety of optical devices if they have the supported fittings. Whilst fairly costly at ~$300, the kit comes with multiple attachments, and ScopeTronix have a range of fittings for digital cameras. If you knew exactly which microscope adaptor you required, I think you could get it for a lot less than $300!

Bank Holiday Adventures

May 7th, 2009

I have had a busy past few days. I went insect hunting on Saturday and Sunday, spent a day taking cicada photos at the museum on Monday and had my MSc graduation ceremony on Wednesday.

On Saturday I met with Tristan to explore Rainham Marshes. This was the second time I had visited the marshes and unsurprisingly, they were much more lively than they were in March. I will write another post to cover what we saw at the marshes.

I spent Sunday at Imperial College’s Silwood Park campus with Malin and saw lots of hoverflies that I am yet to identify. We picked some nettles (Urtica dioica) to make nettle soup which was very tasty. We used a recipe from ‘Seaweed and Eat it: A Family Foraging and Cooking Adventure‘ by Fiona Houston and Xa Milne. I have not read any other wild food books for comparison, but it seems a reasonable book with anecdotes, history and folklore. We hope to try one of the seaweed recipes soon.

Finally, I wish to share a wonderful tool that Alan Phillips introduced me to: Grab a Grid Reference by Keith Balmer. If you do recording and need a quick site to look up grid references then this is the tool for you! It is easy to use and is much better than any other sites I have used (including the OS site). Thanks Alan!

Book Review: ‘Time: A User’s Guide’

April 29th, 2009

I have recently finished reading ‘Time: A User’s Guide‘ by Stefan Klein and thought I would share my views on the book.

The cover of this book caught my eye (but I cannot explain why!); a man is sunbathing on a field of grass which is overlooked by a large block of flats in the distance, set against a lovely blue sky with a few clouds. I picked it up and read a few sections (‘When Sex is Best’, and ‘The Art of Cooking Goulash’) then promptly took it home.

The cover of 'Time: A User's Guide'.

The cover of 'Time: A User's Guide'.

The book covers various aspects of time and is written in an interesting and accessible way with plenty of good examples. I read the book with little prior knowledge about time and would say you do not need a good understanding of anything the book covers to appreciate it.

I would recommend the book if you want a general and accessible overview of time. It covers the physics, biology, psychology and sociology behind time with plenty of footnotes and references, and would be a good starting point for someone who wanted to study the topic further.

The book is divided into three main sections. The first, ‘Experiencing Time’, looks at time from a biological and psychological perspective. Numerous examples are used from daily life, such as how we experience time at different speeds (such as when bored and time seems to go slowly, or in a state of excitement when time seems to go quickly). At the end of the section, case studies of brain damaged patients are given to illustrate which areas of the brain are important for different components of time perception and what happens when they do not work (or are not present!).

A wrist watch

The second section, ‘Using Time’, compares the perception of time usage in different countries, and in the workplace and society. The section starts by looking at the role of time in hectic modern lifestyles and how our refined ability to measure time has changed both how we value and use time. The culture of constant communication is touched upon, alongside the effects on our brain and how we cope with a constant bombardment of stimuli, such as replying to instant messages, emails, texts, phone calls… This book was written before Twitter became really popular, but I am sure it would have been mentioned if it was!

The final section, ‘What Time Is’, begins with a brief history of the modern clock and moves into Einstein’s theory of relativity. It is the shortest section of the book but it contains some of the hardest ideas to understand.

The book concludes with some of the author’s ideas on how we can lead a more relaxed life by developing a different view of time. All of the suggestions seem sensible, the first of which I had been thinking about before reading the book! Whilst our society is composed of people with a variety of schedules and lifestyles, most public services and quite a few private services follow unwaveringly conservative schedules. Visiting my bank or the doctor usually means I need to get time off work (and I get home earlier than most people I know!). For parents, having access to good childcare would allow them to make better use of their time. Of the other suggestions, I remember a particular bit about cherry blossom:

…the major Christian holidays revolve around the birth of Jesus more than two thousand years ago and his resurrection into eternity. In Japan, by contrast, the appearance of the ephemeral cherry blossom is an event that creates a whirl of excitement throughout the nation. For the Japanese, the magic of this magnificence lies in its brevity – in a matter of days, the dazzling display is gone.

It made me think about how I look forward to seeing the first insect of spring and how many seasonal insect lifecycles I would see.

I enjoyed the book; it gave me plenty to think about and was a generally easy read.

Cheap Digital Microscopy

April 23rd, 2009

Whilst most of the specimens I photograph are over 5mm long, I am finding that anything smaller does not have enough detail when I use my macro lens. My subjects are small insects in the field and small parts of (sometimes small) museum specimens. I am fairly certain that extension tubes will do the job for the leafhopper-sized insects and probably Collembola, but my museum work seems to be heading towards getting a digital microscope.

My supervisor and I have been looking at reasonably priced attachments and whole systems, but have yet to come close to reaching a decision. Unexpectedly, there was an article in The Phasmid Study Group newsletter (which arrived today along with the British Dragonfly Society newsletter and journal) about a cheap USB microscope. The model featured was a Summit Microfix Digital USB Microscope which can be purchased for <£50 on Amazon.

Although it is hard to see exactly how good the images produced by the microscope are, I can make out stick insect individual ocelli and fine hairs on the antennae. Whilst I think the image quality looks good enough, I am uncertain how easy it would be to increase the limited depth of field by “stacking” multiple images. From the photos of the microscope, it does not look like it comes with a stand. Amazon reviews of other microscopes made by what looks like the same company are not entirely favourable, with some potential driver issues for Mac and some XP users.

I will try and contact the author to see if it would be easy to attempt depth stacking and to have a look at her images in more detail.

Spring Insects & April Holidays

April 21st, 2009

My April holidays have ended and I am back at work. I spent a lot of time in the garden, digging vegetable beds and constructing some pallet-based compost bins.

Whilst last week was fairly rainy, the previous week had some nice sunny days so there was plenty of insect activity. I have seen much more insect variety, with various flies, butterflies and bees on the wing.

The holidays seem to use my time faster than when I am working so I will just post some spring insect photos for now:

Anthophora plumipes (male)

Anthophora plumipes (male).

A leafhopper, Euscelis incisus.

A leafhopper, Euscelis incisus.

A lateral fly shot, probably a bluebottle.

A lateral fly shot, probably a bluebottle.

Mapping and Recording Insects

April 7th, 2009

I recently purchased MapMate, a biological recording program for natural history in the UK. Whilst you can record a range of organisms using MapMate, I intend to use it primarily for recording insects.

The distributions of British records are now often given using both the traditional Watsonian vice-county divisions and a government agency (Ordnance Survey) grid reference system (both are shown below). In MapMate you specify both in the record for a particular site.

British mapping systems: Watsonian vice-counties (left) and grid reference (right)

British mapping systems: Watsonian vice-counties (left) and grid reference (right). These images are adapted from the Biological Records Centre online resources.

The grid reference squares are 100km² and represented by two letters. To describe smaller areas in these squares, successive figures are given after the letters, one for each axis. Each pair of figures refers to an area that is ten times smaller than the last, so two figures would refer to a 10km² area and six figures would refer to a 100m² area.

Six-figure grid references are the smallest generally acceptable area to have in a recording but are what I’m finding the most problematic and time consuming. After getting used to other online map services, such as Google Maps/Earth and the Flickr map, using our Ordnance Survey site is an irritating experience that makes me feel that they prefer you to buy paper maps: it only displays a 1km² grid, doesn’t always display the x and y axis coordinates, and has a small map (400×400 pixel) display which is sluggish to move around.

I am still thinking about what the easiest way work out six-figure grid references is. I think I may resort to paper maps with a transparent overlay. If anyone has got an easier way, please let me know! I want a system that will be usable for areas that greater than 1km², like country parks.

Heteropteran Hunters: Aquatic Predators

April 1st, 2009
When I was editing the photo of the water scorpion, Nepa cinerea, I remembered one of the heteropteran specimens that I saw in my first visit to The Natural History Museum as a volunteer: a large and rather scary looking bug from the Belastomatidae, a family known colloquially as ‘toe biters’.

I thought I would share the specimen with you and took photos of two Nepidae to give a sense of scale: an unidentified Laccotrephes sp. from Arabia, and a smaller native Nepa cinerea specimen from the British Collection.

Left, unidentified 'toe biter' (Belostomatidae); Middle, Laccotrephes sp. (Nepidae) collected in Arabia; Right, Nepa cinerea (Nepidae) a British specimen. © The Natural History Museum

As you can see, the Belostomatid dwarfs them both! My supervisor tells me that the biggest Hemiptera are the Belostomatidae and some Pomponia cicada species. Our water scorpion is a relatively small member of the Nepidae, but the unidentified Arabian specimen looks remarkably similar.  I chose Laccotrephes sp. because it is part of the accessions, a veritable treasure trove of unidentified speciemens, and because it has nice patterns on the limbs.

Whilst looking for specimens to photograph, I noticed that the majority of siphons (the abodominal air tubes) of the Nepidae had separated into their two component tubes.


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